Links to rhetorical tools:

Here are links to the rhetorical tools used in this class:

Schemes & Tropes -- Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca -- Fallacies -- Burke -- Rhetorical Toolbox -- Conspiracy Rhetorics

Monday, February 26, 2018

Long Island Paranormal Investigators

http://www.liparanormalinvestigators.com/

Begging the Question- In general with these paranormal arguments, we see a lot of begging the question, where the investigators are going in to find ghosts and so they frame every situation through the lense that they are expecting to find paranormal activity. 

Wishful Thinking-"Investigator Dimitri Haritos reported seeing shadows moving behind the bar on several occasions during the night. No one was behind the bar." Shadows moving behind the bar as if the only possibility would be a ghost. However, there were people in the room moving around, there are reflections and lights from windows that could also cause the moving shadows. We see here an example of ignoring the obvious logical possibilities to instead imply a paranormal instance. 

Wishful Thinking/Cum Hoc-"Investigators Dimitri, Thelma, Paul, Justin and Abby heard the sound of breathing coming from behind the bar. Justin was behind the bar at the time and reported it sounded like the breathing was right next to him." Here, they are ignoring the obvious in order to get thier desired conclusion. Justin was behind the bar, therefore, the logical conclusion would be that he was the breathing they heard from behind the bar. But they chose to conclude otherwise. 

Cum Hoc-"The urban legend of Sweet Hollow Road is that a bus full of children was driving in snowy conditions on the Northern State overpass bridge The bus lost control and slipped off of the bridge killing everyone on board...It is said that when you drive under the bridge, if you put your car in neutral, supposedly the car will start to move out from underneath the bridge. People say that this is the kids pushing your car out of harms way." Here we can see a rather strange argument that your car moving means that ghosts of children are pushing it. This ignores the logical assumption that the car is on an incline and is simply rolling. 

Wishful Thinking- At thier visits to Ronkonkoma Park to investigate some paranormal activity, they take sound recordings of voices being heard shouting or saying names. They claim that it wasn't any of thier own members and thus, it must have been ghosts. The problem is the fact that they were at a public park in the middle of the day. Just because they didn't yell doesn't mean anyone else visiting the park at the same time didn't. Ghosts aren't the first assumption to be made however they went there to find ghosts and so that is what they assumed it was.

Unrepresentative Sample-They have an entire page dedicated to thier photo evidence over the years but there are only 4 or 5 photos there. They are offering only a few photos over 14 years to serve as proof of thier entire investigation services? 

Some form of Appeal to Authority- "14 years of Service" is listed at the top of thier website in order to make you think they are serving you-the community-faithfully for years. They are shaping thier image in order to make thier further evidence and assumptions more palatable. You think they are on your side, here to serve you and help when in reality they are a business (real or not). 

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