Hailey Marbach Aliens- Fallacy

Appeal to ignorance 
  
"however, there was no concrete evidence to support life outside of our planet as of now"
"Many people believe that cryptids are in fact aliens, as an explanation for why they are so hard to find." - this could also be bandwagon as well because "many people" believe this to be true

Texas sharpshooter 

tends to state a bunch of different things that don't make sense or re-state something and then pinpoints one over the others.  

check it out here- https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Aliens

Man-Eating Lotus of Nubia - Perelman

Premises

• Facts/Truths

• Observed: the fossilized remains of what (may be) the earliest known flowering plants were discovered in a slab of stone in Northeast-China and date back to at least 125 million years; additionally 3 types of lotus grew in Egypt (blue, white, and pink). All three lotus are shown in Egyptian art. The pink lotus was featured more in work from the Greeks under reign of Ptolemies. 

Premise Modifiers

• Presence

• Time: is talked about in the ancient times (ancient Egypt), Greek mythology, a witting from 1881, and the bible.

• Presumptions

• The normal: based on appearance and growing habits, scientists believe the closest modern day relatives would be the water-lily and the lotus.

Argument Modifiers

• Quasilogical Arguments

• Travesty: points out biblical findings, Book of Job 40:21-22, verses refer to a large creature referred to as "behemoth". "He lies under the lotus trees, In a covert of reeds and marsh. The lotus trees cover him with their shade; The willows by the brook surround him." Trying to say if the bible mentions the lotus, and we think the lotus was man eating, the man eating lotus is real (even though the bible doesn't make the lotus seem man eating).

• Based on the Structure of Reality

• Restraint Bias: claims the lotus tree (from the island Lotophagi in Greek mythology) bore fruit that caused "pleasant" drowsiness. It would make them forget their friends and homes and they would lose their desire to return to their native land in favor of living in idleness on the island.

Not exactly sure where this would fall, but, description of the plant:

-  description is using negative words such as "death-shade" (in relation to it's color). 

-  sickens all vegetation around it and feeds on wild beasts that "seek the thick shelter of its boughs", birds who drink water from its "cups of great waxen flowers", and men who seek its shelter during storms or it's fruit for food.

-  fruit looked like golden ovals, honeydrops, pear-shaped.

-  foliage "glistens with a strange dew, that all day long drips on to the ground below, nurturing a rank growth of grasses, which shoot up in places so high that their spikes of fierce blood-fed green show far up among the deep-tinted foliage of the terrible tree, and, like a jealous body-guard, keep concealed the fearful secret of the charnel-house within, and draw round the black roots of the murderous plant a decent screen of living green"

Want to check it out? 

https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Man-Eating_Lotus_of_Nubia

Perelman Analysis: Skylea Tatsch

Fact/Truth	Since there have been at least 5 sightings of the Frogmen, the author uses further facts/truth to back up the article, which is later contradicted by one of the officers who claimed to have previously saw multiple Frogmen.
Presumptions	“These amphibious anomalies have shocked and terrified both businessmen, farmers and police officers and remain one of the most intriguing cryptozoological mysteries in the United States.”   -The Frogmen are claimed to have been seen by 5 different people, but many more people believe in him without even seeing him
Presence (Space)	“The Loveland frog is known to live in Clermont County, Ohio. The creature lives in a temperate forest and is able to survive the cold winters of the region without having to hibernate.  -This is made to appeal to readers in or near Ohio and make the Frogmen seem close to them
Contradiction	“In the years which have followed these events, Officer Mathews has reneged somewhat on his tale. He now claims that the animal in question was nothing more than a large reptile which escaped from its owner. He further insists that the only reason he shot at the creature was to help confirm a fellow officer’s story – a story which was, of course, being met with predictable skepticism by their superiors.”   -One of the 5 sightings, the officer takes back that he saw a “Frogman” creating further contradictions and skepticism.
Prestige	“on March 3, 1972 – nearly 17 years after the first report – a police officer (who understandably chose to remain anonymous) was travelling along Riverside Road heading towards Loveland when he saw something that would forever change his life.”  -The police officer chose to remain anonymous in fear of not being taken seriously in his profession.

Skunk Ape Fallacies

Skunk Ape

Red herring: "Black fur and glowing red eyes.... Skunk Ape's most obvious character is its terrible odor"       The article goes on to disprove this by saying that many of these sightings can be black bears standing on two legs. bears rummaging through the trash can be the cause of the "odor"

Appeal to misleading authority: "....received a letter from an anonymous woman. With the letter were two attached photographs of what the woman said was an escaped orangutan who had been stealing apples from her back porch for three nights."    This lady really had no idea what kind of creature was off her back porch. renowned cryptozoologists don't think that this creature is an orangutan. 

Hasty Generalization: 

• A bear of some sort that rummages through trash. Although, this would mean that the original sighting was a hoax, as fingers are visible on the Skunk Ape in that photograph, not claws.

Can you really make a judgement call based on the fact that it has fingers? It could be an escaped gorilla?

Kaiaimunu (P-OT)

(Premises) Fact/Truth	It is established that there have been sightings of the Kaiaimunu in Papua New Guinea . This is presented as a fact/truth in the article.
(Premise Modifiers) Presence	The article calls attention to the fact that there have been sightings of the Kaiaimunu in Papua New Guinea by directing the focus of the article to account of a man who saw the Cryptid.
Repetition	There is a lot of repetition when it comes to the word ‘sighting’. Sightings are mentioned over and over again, which calls attention to the importance of those sightings.
(Based on the Stucture of Reality) Coexistence	There are a lot of descriptions of the cryptid that are made in reference to other (actually real) creatures like turtles, horses, and adult humans. This creates the argument that we coexist with this cryptid I the same way turtles, horses, and humans coexist.
(Establishing the Stucture of Reality) Example	There have been sightings of sauropod type creatures in this area of Papua New Guinea recently. This creates a rule that sauropods can be found in this area in Papua New Guinea.
(Establishing the Stucture of Reality) Illustration	The Kaiaimunu is considered to be a close relative of the Therizinosaurus, which is a sauropod. There have been sightings of the Kaiaimunu in the same area in Papua New Guinea that sauropods are known to be sighted. This supports the rule that sauropods can be found in this area of Papua New Guinea

Loch Ness Monster- Perelman Analysis- Madalin Kocian

Kaitlin Gomez_Manticore (Perelman)

https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Manticore

Supposed	“Probable Data”
Underneath Facts/Truth, this article uses supposed data as there is no eyewitness accounts of the manticores further existence. The author only brings up accounts of sightings that have happened in the past.
The likely	“Some measure of (intuitive) statistical judgement”
The article is using the idea that until there is proof to the contrary that manticores exists, we will presume that their existence is real, or has occurred at least in the past.
Abstract/ Universal?	Not concrete “truth” ”justice” / Not specific “truth” “justice”
By describing the character of the manticore, its physical features, the sounds it makes and its eating habits we are increasing the value of this specific creatures existence.

Fear Liath Moor (Perelman)

https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Fear_Liath_Moor





Presumptions are seen in this as these experiences that people have are assumptions that it has to be the fear liath moor because they get chills and hear footsteps.

Repetition is used to make this creature "credible" or manifest it into something that actually exists. There are many people who have said the same thing over and over again about this creature which makes it seem like its realistic.

Interpretive schemes are used in this article because throughout the article by providing a limited amount of information and explaining the information that was provided.

Loci quality is a big component of this article as well because they are using the few eye witness accounts and make this creature sound very rare to see and build it up to be this amazing being.

Devil Bird ( Perelman)

Premises	Facts/ truths (supposed)	Since there isn’t much evidence on the devil bird and at least have had one person see the bird in action helps with believing that the bird is true.
	Loci (quality)	The devil bird has only been seen a couple of times making it seem like since not that many people have seen the animal will make it more believable
	The Normal	By adding the experience of a reference group which in this case is from 2001 will mostly base it off that to get peoples attention
Premise modifier	Presence (Repetition)	Repeating that the bird has a special calling but any might mistake it for other birds calling. As well as saying that no one has seen the bird in action.
	(Amplification)	Not that many people have seen the bird since its unique but it’s still there when you get the chance to see the bird
	(Aggregation)	Adding that some people who have actually looked into it such as Dr. R.L. with the book ‘The Far of things’ since there has already seen a Hawk-eagle makes it more likely. As well as adding names to the list to call the Devil Bird makes it confusing and not like hard facts.
	Space	Even though one person has seen the Devil- Bird, they start off with how others have maybe heard of the cry. Even though not that many people have seen the Devil Bird, it brings them closer to the animal.
Establishing the Structure of Reality	Example (single)	There has only been one person who has seen the devil bird and that was in the year 2001 that they heard the cry and seen in action
Quasi-logical arguments	Incompatibility (Autophagia)- Retort	With the experience from 2001, there wasn’t a clarification that the Devil Bird was seen, more of a ‘maybe’ but also comparing it to another that it might have been.
	Definition (Condensed)	By finding commonalities it brings out the similar animals that the observers might be mistaking the devil bird for because no one has actually seen the animal but also looking at what it can look like