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Here are links to the rhetorical tools used in this class:

Schemes & Tropes -- Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca -- Fallacies -- Burke -- Rhetorical Toolbox -- Conspiracy Rhetorics

Monday, January 28, 2019

White Rain Shampoo








schemes
1) orthography
emoticon
Textual animation of facial emotion.
None
wiki

acronym
Abbreviations using initial letters.
None
wiki

l33tspeak
Alphanumeric substitution and intentional misspelling.
None
wiki

portmanteau
Word blends.
None
b
2) error
tmesis
A word is separated into two parts, with an insertion.
None
wiki

spoonerism
A switching of corresponding sounds.
None
b

enallage
Intentional grammar misuse.
None
a (p. 471)
3) alliteration
consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds.
Continuous repetition of the “L” sound: Lemon, Lemony, Lather, Little
a (p. 472)

assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds.
None
a (p. 466)
4) hyperbaton
parenthesis
Insertion of an interrupting verbal unit.
“Not that you should turn him into putty.”
a (p. 466)

anastrophe
Inversion of usual word order.
None
a (p. 468)
5) omission
ellipses
Omission of words implied by context.
Leaves you a little change for other little goodies.
a (p. 469)

asyndeton
Omission of conjunctions
None
b
6) emphatics
diacope
Emphatic repetition after an intervening phrase.
None?
b

epizeuxis
Repetition of one word
Lemon
b

enumeratio
Detailing parts or arguments.
No wonder the other concentrate is green: (See why tonight. Try White Rain Concentrate… The one with lemon)
b

scesis onomaton
A string of generally synonymous statements.
None
a (p. 476)
7) arrangement
climax
Ordered by increasing importance.
None
wiki

anticlimax
Ending a climactic structure with something of less importance.
None
a (p. 470)
8) repetition
polysyndeton
Liberal use of conjunction.
a (p. 472)

anaphora
Repetition of words at the beginnings of successive clauses.
None
a (p. 473)

epistrophe
Repetition of words at the ends of successive clauses.
None

a (p. 474)

epanalepsis
Repetition of a word at the beginning and end of a clause.
None
a (p. 475)

anadiplosis
Repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the next.
None
a (p. 463)
9) parallelisms
parallelism
Similarity in structure in phrases or clauses.
None
a (p. 464)

isocolon
Parallelism with a similar number of words or syllables
None
b

tricolon
Isocolon with three parts
None
a (p. 464)
10) balance
antithesis
Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, often in parallel structure.
None
a (p. 477)

antimetabole
Repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order.
None
a (p. 478)

chiasmus
Reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses.
None





tropes
1) comparison
metaphor
An implied comparison.
Not that you should turn him into putty, but he should melt a little
a (p. 479)

simile
An explicit comparison.
None
a (p. 480)

synecdoche
A part stands in for the whole.
None
a (p. 481)

metonymy
Substitution of an attribute or suggestive word.
None
a (p. 491)
a (p. 492)
2) oxymorons
. . . as paradox
A combination of normally contradictory terms
None


. . . as a pun
A combination of terms designed to communicate a potential contradiction
None
a (p. 482)
3) puns
antanaclasis
Repetition of a word in two different senses.
None
a (p. 482)

paronomasia
Use of words which sound alike but have different meanings.
None
a (p. 483)

zeugma/syllepsis
Use of a word understood differently in relation to other words.
None
wiki

paraprosdokian
The latter part of a sentence causes the audience to rethink the first part.
I haven’t slept for ten days, because that would be too long. –M Hedberg
a (p. 485)
3) substitution
anthimeria
Substitution of one part of speech for another.
None
a (p. 485)

periphrasis
Substitution of a proper name for a descriptive phrase of vice versa.
None
a (p. 485)
4) personification
prosopoeia
Investing objects or abstractions with human qualities
None
a (p. 487)

apostrophe
Addressing the prosopoeia
None
b
5) exaggeration
hyperbole
Using exaggerated terms for effect.
Leaves you a little change for other little goodies/ Not that you should turn him into putty, but he should melt a little
a (p. 487)

auxesis
Magnifying the importance of something by using a disproportionate name.
“Leaves you with a little change for other little goodies”
a (p. 487)
6) understatement
litotes
Using understatement for effect.
None
a (p. 488)

meiosis
Diminishing the importance of something by using a disproportionate name.
Other little goodies
b
7) apophasis
euphemism
Substitution of innocuous-seeming words for something unpleasant.
None
a (p. 482)

paralipsis
Invoking a subject by denying that it should be invoked.
None.
wiki
8) profanity
blasphemy
Disrespectful use of religious language
None
sv

body taboos
Use of rude words for body functions and/or sex.
None
sv

intensifiers
Suggests a strength of feeling but no unique meaning.
None
wiki

minced oath
An altered, “polite,” form of profanity
None
a (p. 489)
9) irony
antiphrasis
Verbal irony of patent contradiction.
None
b

epitrope
A pretend concession.
None
wiki

sarcasm
The use of antiphrasis in mockery.
None
a (p. 488)
10) question
erotema
Asking a rhetorical question.
None
a (p. 488)

anthypophora
Asking and then answering a rhetorical question.
None
b

aporia
Engaging in a mock debate with a series of rhetorical questions.
None
visual
1) color
hue
The identification of the colors.
The whole ad is bright and full of life because of the bright whites and yellows, as well as the greens on the actual product. There’s also the subtle blue of the car in the picture there was well as the browns from both the woman’s hair and the guy’s shirt. While the outside stuff is bright and white, the actual images in the ad are somewhat dark in comparison. The colors are not all that vivid, probably due to how old the ad itself is, and it only pops in certain areas.
c (p. 39)

value
The lightness or darkness of a color.
c (p. 39)

saturation
The purity or vividness or depth of a color.

2) light
high contrast
Bright lights and dark shadows.
There’s a bit of darkness in the pictures , like the one with the woman and the car as well as the picture of the man and woman next to each other. The overall image is bright, however.


low contrast
Little difference between darks and lights. Pleasant. Little shadow.
 The bigger picture of the woman with soap suds on her head blends together with the background pretty well, somewhat leading into one another.

3) perspective
flat
No illusion of depth
It could be said that some of the pictures of the people appear flat in some regards, but the bottle of shampoo actually looks much more flat than anything else in the image, almost like a painting in how 2D it is.
c (p. 40)

geometric
An illusion of depth and space.
The other images are much more spaced out and in depths than the shampoo bottle. The man and woman are somewhat stacked on each other, putting the woman in front of him. You can also tell that, with the image of the woman with soap on her head, the soap kinda oozes over her forehead, adding a bit of depths into it as well.

4) diagonals
balanced
The image is symmetrical and stable.
The image is not very symmetrical at all, due to how much is going on in it at once. Words are all over the place, yet uniformed where they are at, the pictures are scattered about, and there isn’t anything complementing each other in how it is placed.


oblique
The image seems unstable and pulled to the side.
The image is pulled in all directions because of how it is set up. It’s pulled towards the top by the large lettering and the picture of the woman and her car, it is pulled to the right side by the man and the woman, and is pulled towards the bottom left because of the massive head of the woman in the corner
c (p. 49)
5) space
open
The tops and sides seem empty.
The tops and sides have a lot going on, with only a few spaces open here and there
c (p. 49)

closed
The tops and sides feel enclosed, trapped.
The image is a lot more closed off because of how much is going on in nearly every inch of the picture, save for the few spaces of open whiteness.
d (p. 43)

empty
There are few figures in the frame or is much white space.
There are a few open white spaces on the page here and there, but aside from those, there’s a lot of commotion going on in the ad.
d (p. 43)

full
The frame is dense with figures.
The frame is fairly full due to the number of pictures they crammed in there, as well as the columns of words they placed in it as well.
d (p. 53)
6) focus
grounding
Is there a foreground, middleground and background, as in traditional Eurpoean art, or is it compressed?
There is a clear distinction between foreground (The woman with soap on her head), the middle ground (The man and the woman), and the background (The woman with her car). It’s almost like a tier list, with the background being the “least important” with the foreground being the “most important”
c (p. 45)

focalizers
Are figures or colors or spaces used to pull the eye across the image?
Not used at all because of how disjointed and scattered everything in the image is.
c (p. 49)
7) angle
high angle
Are we looking down on them?
No, we are not looking at these people from an angle
c (p. 49)

low angle
Are we looking up to them?
Only with the woman with the car, since the camera is angled up at her.
c (p. 49)

eye-level
Are we even with them?
We are mainly looking at the eyes of the woman with soap on her head, the man and the other woman in the image
d (p.37)
8) implied distance
long shots
Is the subject larger than people? (Buildings? Can you see their feet?)
Not used for this ad
d (p.37)

medium shots
Is the subject people in interaction (Are they about waist up?)
The man and the woman cover this catagory pretty well since they’re from the waist up and are “conversing” with one another.
d (p.37)

close-ups
Is the subject one person’s face?
The literal giant face of the woman with soap dripping from her head.
wiki
9) figures
representationality
To what extent does the image show “things” we can identify?
The ad is very clean-cut in what it is trying to show us, not really trying to show us any hidden agendas or anything.
wiki

abstraction
How realistic are the things?
The ad is incredibly realistic, from the actual picture of the woman and her car to the pictures of the man and the woman as well as the woman with soap on her head.
wiki

self-referentiality
Do the brushstrokes or lines or photographic artifacts call attention to themselves?
The white rain bottle in the center is trying to call a lot of attention to itself because of how bright it is and how the drop is literally coming out of the bottle.

10) genre
style
Does the image fit into a particular “ism”?
I’d say that this one is maybe attempting to stand out from the crowd in the current time that it was made, since it’s far more ludicrous than the other images I saw


icons
Are there key symbols or characters that call to mind a narrative or genre?
Not applicable.
type
1) stroke-height ratio
How thick are the lines in the type in comparison to the height of the letters?
The letters for the bolded words are wide and tall, moreso near the top of the ad where the bottom of it looks more close knit and smaller. The smaller text in the ad is just that: much, much smaller.
e
2) stoke weight
How varied are the weights of the different strokes? (What are the thickness differences between various marks in a letter?)
The image has a few different stroke weights and styles: The words on the White Rain bottle seem to sway over to the left, the thickness of the W’s much thinner than that of the W’s in the other parts.

3) style
Bold?

The boldness of the words seem to only stem from what the ad thinks is important: White rain shampoo in particular.


Italic?

There aren’t any italic words here


Narrow?

The narrowness of the words seem to be the same when it comes to the smaller letters, but differ greatly between the bigger letters as you go further down the ad.


Condensed?

The words don’t look very condensed anywhere


All caps?

The all caps are reserved for the bolded words rather than anything else.
e
4) x-height
What is the ratio of the height of the letter x to the height of the ascenders (the upstoke in a d or band descenders (the downstroke in a p or q)?
The ratio of the letters is fairly similar throughout, save for some of the O’s and for the White Rain bottle itself, where the letters seem to bob up and down as you read across them, like they’re floating.
e
5) counters
hmnu (aperture)
How do these bowl-like spaces relate to each other in the typeface and how do they relate to other faces?
Couldn’t find this in the ad.
e

bdpg
How do these enclosed spaces relate to each other in the typeface and how do they relate to other faces?
With the font used in the ad, they are almost all the same, except for the White Rain bottle with how the letters seem to contrast each other more than anything else.

6) emphasis
Color?

Colors for the words are black.


Underlining?

No underlining in the ad at all.


Animated?

None of the words are animated.
e
7) family
script
Approximating handwriting
Somewhat similar to the white rain bottle.
e

serif
Lines to link the reading of letters.
Letters seem more spaced apart than this.
e

sans serif
Without serifs.
More akin to the bolded lettering.
e

novelty
Created for a specific effect but hard-to-read.

Not really used except for the White Rain bottle.
e
8) spacing
tracking
Spaces between letters along a line of text (manipulated relatively evenly)

Kerning is more used in this ad than Tracking, since the letters don’t space themselves apart more to prove a point or anything.
e

kerning
Spacing between two letters (often different between different kinds of letters).
e

leading
Spacing between lines of text.
There is some leading in the text that I can see between the separate lines
e
9) family
What historical grouping does the font belong to and how typical is it or that grouping?
Transitional more than anything else since it seems like a more modern text than earlier text.

10) legibility
The font itself

It is clean and legible.


Copy issues

No copy issues.

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